Cheonggyecheon (Hangul: 청계천) adalah panjang yang modern
ruang 10,9 km (7,0 mil), rekreasi publik di pusat kota Seoul, Korea Selatan.
Proyek pembaharuan perkotaan besar adalah di situs sungai yang mengalir sebelum
pembangunan ekonomi yang pesat pasca perang menyebabkan ia menjadi tertutup
oleh infrastruktur transportasi. Proyek $ 900.000.000 awalnya menarik banyak
kritik publik, tapi setelah pembukaan pada tahun 2005, telah menjadi populer di
kalangan penduduk dan wisatawan.
Cheonggyecheon adalah 8,4 km sungai yang mengalir dari barat
ke timur melalui pusat kota Seoul, dan kemudian bertemu Jungnangcheon, yang
menghubungkan ke Sungai Han dan bermuara di Laut Kuning. Selama presiden Park
Chung-hee, Cheonggyecheon ditutupi dengan beton untuk jalan. Pada tahun 1968,
jalan layang dibangun di atasnya.
Aliran itu bernama Gaecheon ( “aliran terbuka”) setelah
proyek renovasi pertama untuk membangun sistem drainase selama Dinasti Joseon.
Pekerjaan, termasuk pengerukan dan memperkuat tepi sungai dan membangun
jembatan, dilakukan setiap 2 ~ 3 tahun selama periode ini dari pemerintahan
Taejong, raja ketiga dari Dinasti Joseon. Raja Yeonjo terutama melakukan
pekerjaan perbaikan sebagai proyek nasional. [2]
Gacheon diubah namanya menjadi Cheonggyecheon, nama saat
ini, selama masa penjajahan Jepang. Selama ini, kesulitan keuangan mencegah
penjajah dari menutupi sungai meskipun beberapa upaya untuk melakukannya. [3]
Setelah Perang Korea (1950-1953), lebih banyak orang
bermigrasi ke Seoul untuk membuat hidup mereka dan menetap di sepanjang sungai
di rumah-rumah darurat lusuh. Yang menyertai sampah, pasir, dan limbah, dan
kondisi memburuk mengakibatkan merusak pemandangan untuk kota. sungai ditutupi
dengan beton lebih dari 20-tahun yang dimulai pada tahun 1958, dan 5,6 km
panjang, 16 jalan raya m-lebar meningkat selesai pada tahun 1976. Daerah ini
menjadi contoh industrialisasi sukses dan modernisasi Korea Selatan.
In July 2003, then-Seoul mayor, Lee Myung-bak initiated a
project to remove the elevated highway and restore the stream. It was a major
undertaking since the highway had to be removed and years of neglect and
development had left the stream nearly dry. 120,000 tons of water were to be
pumped in daily from the Han River, its tributaries, and groundwater from
subway stations.[4] There were safety problems due to the deteriorated
concrete. Still, restoration of Cheonggyecheon was deemed important as it fit
in with the movement to re-introduce nature to the city and to promote a more
eco-friendly urban design. Other goals of the project were to restore the
history and culture of the region, which had been lost for 30 years, and to
revitalize Seoul’s economy.
The Seoul Metropolitan Government established several organizations
to oversee the successful restoration of Cheonggyecheon: the Cheonggyecheon
Restoration Project Headquarters for the control of the whole project; the
Citizen’s Committee for Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project for the management
of conflict between the Seoul Metropolitan Government and the union of
merchants; and the Cheonggyecheon Restoration Research Corps for the
establishment and review of the restoration plan.
To address the consequent traffic problem, the
Cheonggyecheon Restoration Project Headquarters established traffic flow
measures in the downtown section affected by the restoration work and
coordinated changes in the downtown traffic system based on the research of the
Cheonggyecheon Restoration Research Corps.[3]
The restoration of two historic bridges, Gwangtonggyo and
Supyogyo, was also a contentious issue, as several interest groups voiced
opinions on how to restore historical and cultural sites and remains and
whether to replace the bridges or not.[3]
The Cheonggyecheon restoration project had the purpose of
preserving the unique identity of the natural environment and the historic
resources in the CBD of Seoul, and to reinforce the surrounding business area
with information technology, international affairs and digital industries.[3]
The plan encouraged the return of the pedestrian-friendly road network
connecting the stream with traditional resources: Bukchon, Daehangno, Jungdong,
Namchon, and Donhwamungil. This network system, named the CCB (Cheonggyecheon
Culture Belt), tried to build the cultural and environmental basis of the city.
The stream was opened to the public in September 2005 and
was lauded as a major success in urban renewal and beautification. However,
there was considerable opposition from the previous mayoral administration of
Goh Kun, which feared gentrification of the adjacent areas that housed many
shops and small businesses in the machine trades.
Creating an environment with clean water and natural
habitats was the most significant achievement of the project. Species of fish,
birds, and insects have increased significantly as a result of the stream
excavation.[5] The stream helps to cool down the temperature on the nearby
areas by 3.6 °C on average versus other parts of Seoul.[6] The number of
vehicles entering downtown Seoul has decreased by 2.3%, with an increasing
number of users of buses (by 1.4%) and subways (by 4.3%: a daily average of
430,000 people) as a result of the demolition of the two heavily used roads.[7]
This has a positive influence by improving the atmospheric environment in the
region.
The project attempted to promote the urban economy through
amplifying urban infrastructure for a competitive city in the business and
industrial area centered on the stream. The urban renewal project was the catalyst
of revitalization in downtown Seoul. Cheonggyecheon became a centre for
cultural and economic activities.
Cheonggyecheon restoration work brought balance to the areas
south and north of the stream. During the modernization era, downtown Seoul was
divided into two parts, north-south, based on their features and function. The
restoration helped to join these parts to create a new urban structure
connecting the cultural and environmental resources in northern and southern
areas of the stream (Hwang n.d.), resulting in a balanced and sustainable
development of northern and southern areas of the Han River.
The project sped up traffic around the city when the
motorway was removed. It has been cited as a real-life example of Braess’
paradox.
sumber :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheonggyecheon
